VAT Calculator
Add VAT to a price or work out the VAT included in a total.
Standard VAT rates change from time to time and many goods and services have reduced or zero rates. Always check the current rate with your tax authority before relying on a figure.
| Net price | VAT | Gross price |
|---|---|---|
| 10 | 2.30 | 12.30 |
| 25 | 5.75 | 30.75 |
| 50 | 11.50 | 61.50 |
| 100 | 23.00 | 123.00 |
| 250 | 57.50 | 307.50 |
| 500 | 115.00 | 615.00 |
| 1000 | 230.00 | 1230.00 |
Price plus VAT: quick examples
| Net price | Ireland 23%: total | UK 20%: total |
|---|---|---|
| 59 plus VAT | 72.57 (VAT 13.57) | 70.80 (VAT 11.80) |
| 150 plus VAT | 184.50 (VAT 34.50) | 180.00 (VAT 30.00) |
| 1,100 plus VAT | 1,353.00 (VAT 253.00) | 1,320.00 (VAT 220.00) |
To add VAT, multiply the net price by 1 + the rate (1.23 for 23%). To remove it, divide the gross price by the same number.
Frequently asked questions
How do I add VAT to a price?
Multiply the net price by 1 plus the VAT rate. At 23%, a net price of 100 becomes 100 × 1.23 = 123, which includes 23 of VAT.
How do I remove VAT from a price?
Divide the gross price by 1 plus the VAT rate. At 23%, a gross price of 123 gives 123 ÷ 1.23 = 100 net, so 23 is VAT. Do not just subtract 23% of the gross price, which gives the wrong answer.
What is the standard VAT rate in Ireland?
Ireland’s standard rate is 23%, with reduced rates such as 13.5% and 9% for certain goods and services. Rates can change, so check the Revenue website for the current position.
What is the difference between net and gross?
Net is the price before VAT is added. Gross is the price including VAT, which is what consumers usually see on a receipt.
Can I reclaim VAT?
VAT-registered businesses can normally reclaim VAT on business purchases, subject to the rules. Consumers cannot. If you are unsure, ask an accountant or your tax authority.
How much VAT is included in €246 at 23%?
Divide by 1.23 to get a net price of €200.00, so the VAT is €46.00. It is not €56.58, which is 23% of the gross.
Is zero-rated the same as VAT-exempt?
No. Zero-rated goods are taxable at 0%, so the seller can still reclaim VAT on related purchases. Exempt supplies are outside VAT, and the seller generally cannot reclaim VAT on costs related to them. The rules depend on the country.
Why do VAT rates differ between countries?
Each country sets its own VAT rates within broad international or regional rules. Many have a standard rate and one or more reduced rates for items such as food, books or energy.
About this tool
This VAT calculator adds VAT to a net price or removes it from a gross price, showing the net amount, the VAT and the gross total. Pick a standard rate from the list or enter your own, and choose the currency symbol that suits you.
Adding VAT versus removing VAT
To add VAT, multiply the net price by the rate and add the result: €100 at 23% becomes €123. To take VAT out of a gross price, divide by 1 plus the rate: €123 ÷ 1.23 = €100.00. A common mistake is to calculate 23% of the gross price and subtract it, which gives €28.29 of VAT and a net price of €94.71, instead of the correct €23.00 and €100.00. The rate applies to the net amount, so the VAT inside a gross price is smaller than the rate suggests (about 18.7% of the gross at 23%).
| Rate | Used in | VAT on €100 net | Gross from €100 net | VAT inside €100 gross | Net from €100 gross |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 23% | Ireland standard | €23.00 | €123.00 | €18.70 | €81.30 |
| 20% | UK / France standard | €20.00 | €120.00 | €16.67 | €83.33 |
| 19% | Germany standard | €19.00 | €119.00 | €15.97 | €84.03 |
| 21% | Spain / Netherlands standard | €21.00 | €121.00 | €17.36 | €82.64 |
| 25% | Denmark / Sweden standard | €25.00 | €125.00 | €20.00 | €80.00 |
| 13.5% | Ireland reduced | €13.50 | €113.50 | €11.89 | €88.11 |
| 9% | Ireland reduced | €9.00 | €109.00 | €8.26 | €91.74 |
A worked invoice with two rates
When an invoice includes goods or services at different rates, calculate the VAT on each line and add them up.
| Item | Net | Rate | VAT | Gross |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Consulting | €1200.00 | 23% | €276.00 | €1476.00 |
| Printed handbook | €80.00 | 9% | €7.20 | €87.20 |
| Software licence | €350.00 | 23% | €80.50 | €430.50 |
| Total | €1630.00 | €363.70 | €1993.70 |
The VAT on this invoice is €363.70, which is an average of 22.3% of the net total. Because the lines are taxed at different rates, applying the 23% standard rate to the total would give the wrong answer.
Net, VAT and gross
- Net is the price before VAT. Businesses registered for VAT usually quote net prices to other businesses.
- VAT is the tax, calculated on the net price at the applicable rate.
- Gross is the total including VAT, which is what a consumer pays at the till.
A VAT-registered business charges VAT on its sales and usually can reclaim the VAT it pays on business purchases. The difference is paid to the tax authority, so the final cost of VAT falls on the end consumer. Whether you can reclaim VAT depends on your registration and the type of expense.
Rounding and checking
VAT amounts are rounded to the nearest cent or penny. Rules differ on whether to round each line or the invoice total, which can cause differences of a cent or two, so follow your tax authority's guidance or your accounting software. Rates change, and goods are classed as standard, reduced or zero-rated under local rules. Check the current rate for your country and product. This calculator is a convenience and not tax advice.